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Purpose: To compare the efficacy of Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II in predicting intraocular lens (IOL) power in Indian eyes. Methods: This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care eye hospital. Data from patients having uneventful cataract surgery with Tecnis ZCB00 IOL implantation were obtained from Lenstar and electronic medical records. Eyes were divided into subgroups based on axial length (AL) as short (<22.0 mm), medium (22� mm), and long (>24 mm). The predicted refractive outcome for each patient was calculated after optimizing the lens constant. Prediction error was calculated by subtracting the predicted spherical equivalent from achieved spherical equivalent 1 week post?surgery. The mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE) and percentage of eyes within 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 D were calculated for each formula. Friedman test, Cochrane Q test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the 350 eyes included in the study, we found that without lens constant optimization, Barrett formula performed better than SRK/T and Kane (P < 0.0001). Over the entire range of axial lengths, Kane formula performed slightly inferior compared to Barrett and SRK?T, both of which performed equally well (P = 0.006). On subgroup analysis, Kane formula performed inferiorly for medium eyes as compared to the other two. No significant differences were noted between the formulae for short and long eyes. Conclusion: Kane formula did not outperform Barrett Universal II and SRK/T in Indian eyes
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Background: Topography guided laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has always been some sort of an enigma in terms of its understanding and interpretation. Contoura LASIK is one such form of FDA approved topography guided LASIK on the Wavelight platform for virgin eyes. Inspite of promising so much, its complete application has not yet been fully understood and cannot be applied for all cases. Purpose: The iSMART Contoura LASIK is a software designed by the author, aimed to specifically to plan and treat eyes with Contoura LASIK. Synopsis: This is computer based software which studies the higher order aberrations being treated by the machine, and applies geometry and vector mathematics to appropriately modify the final treatment refraction so as to completely correct the refractive error. The software guides almost everything related to LASIK planning including safety parameters like percent tissue altered and residual stromal bed, the ring and stop size for microkeratome needed, femto flap diamter and Contoura planning. This software will be a useful tool for all Wavelight EX500 Contoura LASIK users. Highlights: This video demonstrates briefly the overview, working and utility of the iSMART LASIK software along with a quick understanding of how Contoura LASIK planning is done using it.
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Background: Ocular allergy is a common disorder, which can be debilitating for patients and at times challenging physicians to diagnose and treat. Allergic disease affects 30-50% of the population. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) has predilection for young age group and the diagnosis is generally based on signs and symptoms of the disease. This study was undertaken to stress upon the disease and those secondary to its long-term medication. Methods: 74 patients with VKC detected at random, who attended the Department of Ophthalmology KIMS, Hubli from December 2012 to May 2014. The relevant details of history and clinical examination of the patients were recorded on a specifically designed Proforma. The type and severity of VKC was noted. Clinical observation and evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms were performed before and after drug therapy at first visit, weekly interval for 2 weeks and at the end of 3 months. Results: 22 out of 74 (29.72%) were in the 6-10 years of age. The male: female ratio was 2.7:1.13. Majority of the patients presented in the month of May. Family history of allergy was present in 4 (5.04%) of patients. 59 (72.72%) patients showed seasonal symptoms and 15 (20.27%) patients showed perennial symptoms. Mixed type was found in 60.81%. Itching was present in 59 (79.72%). 72 (97.29%) had papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva. Conclusions: VKC was common in males, during hot climate. Mixed type of VKC was more commonly present.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe in detail the procedure of performing indirect ophthalmoscopy using any smartphone along with instruments that are readily available in ophthalmic practice. Materials and Methods: The procedure was performed with a smartphone and a 20D or 28D lens. Using the flashlight of the phone as a coaxial light source, the system works as an indirect ophthalmoscope where the camera creates a digital image of the ocular fundus on the phone screen through the condensing lens. High definition videos of the fundus were recorded using the inbuilt video recorder of the phone, and subsequently good quality fundus images were extracted from the video clips. Results: With the described technique of smartphone indirect ophthalmoscopy, we were able to carry out basic screening of the ocular fundus without using a direct ophthalmoscope, slit lamp biomicroscopy or indirect ophthalmoscope. It also proved to be an excellent tool for documentation of fundus pathologies through good quality images. Conclusion: The described technique is an easy and inexpensive way to photograph the fundus in patients using readily available portable instruments. Commercially available fundus cameras are outside the reach of many practitioners and institutes. Hence, the method seems to be a good tool for basic screening and documentation of fundus pathologies. With a small learning curve, it is relatively simple to master and takes advantage of the expanding mobile-telephone networks for telemedicine.